

Splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are a class of single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ssONs) being used as gene therapeutics and demonstrating great therapeutic potential. The availability of biodegradable and biocompatible delivery vectors that could improve delivery efficiencies, reduce dosage, and, in parallel, reduce toxicity concerns could be advantageous for clinical translation. In this work we explored the use of quaternized amphiphilic chitosan-based vectors in nanocomplex formation and delivery of splice switching oligonucleotides (SSO) into cells, while providing insights regarding cellular uptake of such complexes. Results show that the chitosan amphiphilic character is important when dealing with SSOs, greatly improving colloidal stability under serum conditions, as analyzed by dynamic light scattering, and enhancing cellular association. Nanocomplexes were found to follow an endolysosomal route with a long lysosome residence time. Conjugation of a hydrophobic moiety, stearic acid, to quaternized chitosan was a necessary condition to achieve transfection, as an unmodified quaternary chitosan was completely ineffective. We thus demonstrate that amphiphilic quaternized chitosan is a biomaterial that holds promise and warrants further development as a platform for SSO delivery strategies. © 2015 American Chemical Society.
| EMTREE drug terms: | agaroseantisense oligonucleotidechitosan nanoparticleglucosamineluciferasen acetylglucosamineRNAsodium sulfatesplice switching oligonucleotidestearic acidunclassified drugantisense oligonucleotidechitosannanoparticle |
|---|---|
| EMTREE medical terms: | Articlecell activitycell populationcellular distributionchemical structurecomplex formationconcentration (parameters)concentration responseconjugationcontrolled studydispersiondrug delivery systemdrug releaseendosomefemalegenetic transfectionhumanhuman cellhydrophobicityin vitro studyincubation timeintracellular signalinglysosomemolecular stabilityparticle sizephoton correlation spectroscopypriority journalsurface propertyzeta potentialcell proliferationchemical phenomenachemistrydrug effectsgeneticsHeLa cell lineRNA splicing |
| MeSH: | Cell ProliferationChitosanDynamic Light ScatteringHeLa CellsHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsNanoparticlesOligonucleotides, AntisenseRNA Splicing |
agarose, 9012-36-6; glucosamine, 3416-24-8, 4607-22-1; n acetylglucosamine, 7512-17-6; RNA, 63231-63-0; sodium sulfate, 7757-82-6; stearic acid, 57-11-4, 646-29-7; chitosan, 9012-76-4;
Chitosan; Oligonucleotides, Antisense
| Funding sponsor | Funding number | Acronym |
|---|---|---|
| PIEF-GA-2011-300485 | ||
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | ||
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | ||
| Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia See opportunities | HMSP-ICT/0020/2010,PTDC/CTM-NAN/NAN/115124/2009 | |
| Ministry of Science and Technology | SFRH/BPD/69110/2010,SFRH/BD/79930/2011 |
This work was cofinanced by Fundac?a?o para a Cie?ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) within projects HMSP-ICT/0020/2010 and PTDC/CTM-NAN/NAN/115124/2009. Additionally, P.M.D.M. acknowledges the support from the Marie Curie Actions of the European Community?s 7th Framework Program (PIEF-GA-2011-300485); J.C.S. acknowledges the graduate fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq, Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil); C.P.G. and V.L. acknowledge FCT for their scholarships (SFRH/BD/79930/2011 and SFRH/BPD/69110/2010). We thank M. L?zaro from the Bioimaging Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Therapies (b.IMAGE) for help with confocal microscopy. 1H NMR and Cryo-SEM were performed at the Centro de Materiais da Universidade do Porto (CEMUP).
Moreno, P.M.D.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto (UPorto), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, Portugal;
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