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According to Lieb's theorem the ferromagnetic interaction in graphene-based materials with bipartite lattice is a result of disbalance between the number of sites available for pz electrons in different sublattices. Here we report on another mechanism of the ferromagnetism in functionalized graphene that is the direct exchange interaction between spin orbitals. By the example of the single-side semihydrogenated (C2H) and semifluorinated (C2F) graphene we show that such a coupling can partially or even fully compensate antiferromagnetic character of indirect exchange interactions reported earlier [Phys. Rev. B 88, 081405(R) (2013)PRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.88.081405]. As a result, C2H is found to be a two-dimensional material with the isotropic ferromagnetic interaction and negligibly small magnetic anisotropy, which prevents the formation of the long-range magnetic order at finite temperature in accordance with the Mermin-Wagner theorem. This gives a rare example of a system where direct exchange interactions play a crucial role in determining a magnetic structure. In turn, C2F is found to be at the threshold of the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic instability, which in combination with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can lead to a skyrmion state. © 2016 American Physical Society.
| Engineering controlled terms: | AntiferromagnetismExchange interactionsFerromagnetic materialsFerromagnetismMagnetic anisotropyMagnetic structure |
|---|---|
| Engineering uncontrolled terms | Antiferromagnetic charactersDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactionFerro-magnetic interactionsFerromagnetic instabilityFunctionalized grapheneIndirect exchange interactionsLong range magnetic orderTwo-dimensional materials |
| Engineering main heading: | Graphene |
| Funding sponsor | Funding number | Acronym |
|---|---|---|
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme See opportunities by H2020 | H2020 | |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft See opportunities by DFG | DFG | |
| Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation | 16.1751.2014/K,MD-6458.2016.2 | Minobrnauka |
| Horizon 2020 | 696656 |
We acknowledge fruitful communications with Igor Solovyev. The hospitality of the Institute of Theoretical Physics of Hamburg University and Radboud University of Nijmegen is gratefully acknowledged. The work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Project No. 16.1751.2014/K and the grant of the President of Russian Federation MD-6458.2016.2. A.I.L. acknowledges the support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Programme 1459. A.N.R. and M.I.K. acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 696656, GrapheneCore1.
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