Transesterification of used cooking sunflower oil catalyzed by hazelnut shell ash(Article)
- aFaculty of Agriculture, University of Niš, Kosančićeva 4, Kruševac, 37 000, Serbia
- bInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- cInstitute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- dFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- eFaculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, 16000, Serbia
- fThe Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
Abstract
Hazelnut shell ash was investigated as a new base catalyst for the transesterification of used cooking sunflower oil to biodiesel. To understand its catalytic properties, the prepared ash was characterized by EDX, XRD, TGA/DTA, Hg porosimetry, N2 physisorption, FE-SEM, and basic strength measurements. The effects of the catalyst loading in the range of 1–5% of the oil weight and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1–18:1 on the kinetics of the fatty acid methyl esters synthesis were established. Moreover, the leaching and reusability of the catalyst were assessed. The obtained results revealed that hazelnut shell ash was mostly composed of K, Ca, and Mg. The highest ester content (98%) was achieved at the catalyst loading of 5%, the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and the reaction time of 10 min. The contribution of homogeneous catalysis because of the catalyst leaching was confirmed but did not determine the overall reaction rate. The catalyst can be reused after the recalcination at 800 °C for 2 h achieving the high methyl esters content (>96%) in 30 min after three subsequent runs. The overall reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to triacylglycerols. A linear relationship between the apparent reaction rate constant and the catalyst loading and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio was determined. The determined value of the reaction rate constant was 0.0576 dm6/(min·mol2). © 2021
Indexed keywords
| Engineering controlled terms: | CatalysisCatalystsEstersFatty acidsKineticsLeachingLoadingMethanolRate constantsReusabilityShells (structures)Sunflower oilTransesterification |
|---|---|
| Engineering uncontrolled terms | Base catalystCatalyst loadingsCatalytic propertiesHazelnut shellsMolar ratioOverall reactionsReaction rate constantsTransesterificationsXRD |
| Engineering main heading: | Biodiesel |
| GEOBASE Subject Index: | ashcatalysiscatalystfatty acidreaction kineticsreaction rateshell |
| Species Index: | CorylusHelianthus |
Funding details
| Funding sponsor | Funding number | Acronym |
|---|---|---|
| 451-03-9/2021–14/200026,451-03-9/2021–14/200133,451-03-9/2021–14/200383 | ||
| 0-14-18,No.451-03-9/2021–14/200133,No.451-03-9/2021–14/200383 |
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1
The present work has been funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological development of the Republic of Serbia, Program for financing scientific research work, No.451-03-9/2021–14/200383, No.451-03-9/2021–14/200133 and No. 451-03-9/2021–14/200026. It is also a part of the Project 0-14-18 of the SASA Branch in Niš, Serbia.
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2
The present work has been funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological development of the Republic of Serbia , Program for financing scientific research work, No. 451-03-9/2021–14/200383 , No. 451-03-9/2021–14/200133 and No. 451-03-9/2021–14/200026 . It is also a part of the Project 0-14-18 of the SASA Branch in Niš, Serbia.
- ISSN: 09601481
- Source Type: Journal
- Original language: English
- DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.071
- Document Type: Article
- Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Stamenković, O.S.; Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia;
© Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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