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This paper presents a study on acceleration demands in single-storey reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with flexible diaphragms, expressed through peak floor accelerations (PFAs) and floor response (acceleration) spectra (FRS). Firstly, an extensive parametric study was performed on idealized single-storey buildings for which geometrical parameters were varied for inducing different degrees of diaphragm flexibility. The influence of diaphragm flexibility was taken into account through the commonly used in-plane displacement ratio. To investigate acceleration demands, three sets of Eurocode 8 spectrum-compatible ground motion records were used as input, selected according to three different soil categories. RC buildings were considered as both linear elastic and nonlinear, whereas non-structural components (NSCs) were considered only as linear elastic. In all cases, it was observed that diaphragm flexibility significantly influences PFAs and FRS, which can both increase and decrease compared to buildings with rigid diaphragms. In the case of FRS, a shifting of peaks was observed as well. Despite the very complicated dependence between the diaphragm flexibility and PFAs and FRS, based on the obtained results, simple empirical formulas for the estimation of the ratios between PFAs and FRS in RC buildings with rigid and flexible diaphragms were proposed. Their accuracy was assessed through a case study example performed on an existing single-storey RC building. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd