Analysis of Covarine Particle in Toothpaste Through Microfluidic Simulation, Experimental Validation, and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy(Article)(Open Access)
- aFaculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- bCentre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- cFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- dDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
Abstract
Covarine, copper phthalocyanine, a novel tooth whitening ingredient, has been incorporated into various toothpaste formulations using diverse technologies such as larger flakes, two-phase pastes, and microbeads. In this study, we investigated the behavior of covarine microbeads (200 μm) in Colgate advanced white toothpaste when mixed with artificial and real saliva. Our analysis utilized a custom-designed microfluidic mixer with 400 μm wide channels arranged in serpentine patterns, featuring a Y-shaped design for saliva and toothpaste flow. The mixer, fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing technology, incorporated a flexible transparent resin (Formlabs’ Flexible 80A resin) and PMMA layers. COMSOL simulations were performed by utilizing parameters extracted from toothpaste and saliva datasheets, supplemented by laboratory measurements, to enhance simulation accuracy. Experimental assessments encompassing the behavior of covarine particles were conducted using an optical profilometer. Viscosity tests and electrical impedance spectroscopy employing recently developed all-carbon electrodes were employed to analyze different toothpaste dilutions. The integration of experimental data from microfluidic chips with computational simulations offers thorough insights into the interactions of covarine particles with saliva and the formation of microfilms on enamel surfaces. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Funding details
| Funding sponsor | Funding number | Acronym |
|---|---|---|
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme See opportunities by H2020 | 872370,951747 | H2020 |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme See opportunities by H2020 | H2020 | |
| Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina | 142-451-2682/2021-01-01 | |
| Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina |
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This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement no. 951747, from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement no. 872370, and regional project funded by Provincial Secretary for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Vojvodina, Serbia with grant agreement no. 142-451-2682/2021-01-01. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of ChatGPT in the preparation of this manuscript. The language model’s assistance in generating initial drafts and improving the clarity of the text is gratefully acknowledged.
- ISSN: 24701343
- Source Type: Journal
- Original language: English
- DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08799
- Document Type: Article
- Publisher: American Chemical Society
Petrović, B.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia;
Ibrahim, F.; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
© Copyright 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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